Delusions can concern the body, relationships, identity or the control of thoughts. Somatic delusions involve fixed beliefs about bodily illness or alteration. Jealous delusions concern a partner’s supposed infidelity despite inadequate evidence. Erotomanic delusions involve the conviction that another person is in love with oneself. Nihilistic delusions may concern non-existence or catastrophic loss.
A delusion is a strongly held belief that is not adequately supported by evidence and is not ordinarily shared within the person’s cultural setting. Assessment considers how the belief formed, how firmly it is held and how it affects behaviour, wellbeing and relationships.
Some people describe thought insertion, withdrawal or broadcasting: experiences that thoughts are placed into the mind, removed or accessible to others. These are distinct themes but can coexist with other psychotic symptoms. Clinicians assess the particular belief, its cultural context and its consequences rather than assigning severity from the theme alone. Physical complaints still require appropriate medical assessment, even when a delusional interpretation is suspected. Relationship-related beliefs may create conflict or unsafe behaviour and require careful planning. Classification helps clinicians describe experiences consistently, but treatment must address the person’s actual distress, functioning and underlying condition.
Descriptions of thought interference should preserve the person’s wording where possible. Thought insertion, withdrawal and broadcasting concern different experiences, even though they may appear together. Precise description improves communication between clinicians and helps avoid replacing a complex account with an imprecise label. The practical impact, associated distress and broader symptom pattern remain more important than memorising terminology alone.
Further reading: National Institute of Mental Health.
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