Research examines whether exercise can improve cognitive performance in schizophrenia, including attention, memory and executive processes. Some studies report benefits, but results depend on programme design, participation and the measures used. Improvement on a test…Continue Reading
Barriers to exercise can include fatigue, sedation, movement symptoms, low motivation, anxiety, cost, transport and lack of safe spaces. A person may understand the benefits and still struggle to participate. Treating inactivity as simple unwillingness…Continue Reading
Smoking prevalence describes how common smoking is within a defined population and time period. Studies often find higher rates among people with schizophrenia than in the general population, but estimates differ across countries, services and…Continue Reading
Smoking increases risks of cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness and several cancers. These risks remain relevant for people with schizophrenia and contribute to preventable physical health burden. Existing psychiatric symptoms do not reduce the value of…Continue Reading
Components of tobacco smoke can induce metabolic enzymes, particularly CYP1A2, which affects medicines including clozapine and olanzapine. Smoking can therefore increase clearance and reduce exposure compared with otherwise similar circumstances. Reducing or stopping smoking can…Continue Reading
Smoking cessation support combines attention to nicotine dependence, habits and the person’s circumstances. Options can include behavioural support and appropriate cessation medicines, chosen with regard to mental and physical health. A previous unsuccessful attempt does…Continue Reading
Cardiovascular fitness concerns the ability of the heart, lungs and circulation to support sustained activity. Aerobic exercise, such as walking, cycling or swimming, can improve it when appropriately planned and repeated. Better fitness can make…Continue Reading
Physical activity can support metabolic health through effects on fitness, energy use and glucose regulation. In people taking antipsychotics, it can be one part of a plan addressing weight and cardiovascular risk. It does not…Continue Reading
Exercise can provide enjoyment, structure, confidence and social contact, as well as physical benefits. Some people experience improved mood or reduced stress after activity. These effects vary, and an activity that feels rewarding to one…Continue Reading
Research links cannabis use, particularly frequent or high-THC exposure, with increased risk of psychotic disorders. The evidence is consistent with an important contributory role, while the precise pathway and individual susceptibility vary. Many cannabis users…Continue Reading