Course of illness
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Changes in functioning can precede a first psychotic episode. Someone may find study harder, withdraw from familiar activities or struggle with routines that were previously manageable. The important feature is change from their own baseline…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Communication around limited illness awareness works best when it is curious, concrete and respectful. Asking what the person has noticed can reveal shared concerns even when explanations differ. A supporter can acknowledge distress without agreeing…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Treatment engagement means maintaining a workable relationship with services and participating in decisions about care. Limited awareness of illness can make engagement difficult when the person does not see a reason for treatment. Side effects…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Researchers investigate whether impaired illness awareness is related to brain systems involved in self-monitoring, error detection and updating beliefs about oneself. These processes help people compare expectations with experience. Anosognosia is also studied in neurological…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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A person may recognise some experiences as symptoms while interpreting others as external reality. Someone might identify voices as related to illness yet remain convinced of a persecutory belief. Awareness can also change with symptom…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Awareness of illness concerns whether someone recognises that changes in perception, thinking or functioning may reflect a health condition. A person may notice that life has become difficult but attribute the cause entirely to outside…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Social cognition concerns understanding other people and social situations. It includes recognising emotion, interpreting intentions and considering another person’s perspective. Difficulties may make facial expressions or ambiguous interactions harder to read. These processes are related…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Executive functions coordinate thinking and action toward a goal. They include planning, switching between tasks, inhibiting an unhelpful response and checking whether a strategy is working. Difficulties may appear when someone understands individual steps but…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Processing speed is the rate at which someone can take in information and produce an appropriate response. Slower processing may create a noticeable delay in answering questions, reading instructions or completing routine tasks. It does…Continue Reading

Symptoms
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Working memory holds and manipulates information for a short period. It allows someone to remember an instruction while carrying it out, follow the beginning of a sentence while hearing its end or compare options during…Continue Reading