Medication effects
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Sedation can reduce participation even when psychotic symptoms improve. Someone may struggle to wake for appointments, maintain attention at work or take part in family life. Slower reactions can affect safety, while visible inactivity may…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Sedation can vary with dose, blood concentration and the time since a medicine was taken. Formulation and half-life also influence the pattern. A medication taken in the evening may still affect alertness the next day…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Daytime sleepiness is a tendency to become drowsy or fall asleep during waking hours. It can interfere with reading, conversation, study and work. Antipsychotic effects are one possible cause, but insufficient sleep, sleep apnoea, irregular…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Histamine contributes to wakefulness through H1 receptors in the brain. Blocking these receptors can produce sleepiness, which helps explain the sedating properties of several antipsychotics. The same broad receptor system is also relevant to appetite…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Treatment decisions for tardive dyskinesia depend on severity, functional impact, current medication needs and available options. Clinicians review the causative exposure and may consider adjustments or switching, while recognising that psychiatric stability must also be…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Screening for tardive dyskinesia involves asking about movement changes and observing relevant body regions. Clinicians may use a structured tool such as the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale to document findings and follow change. A scale…Continue Reading

Medication effects
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Risk of tardive dyskinesia is influenced by treatment exposure and individual factors. Longer cumulative exposure to dopamine receptor-blocking medicines is relevant, but the condition does not occur in everyone. Age, previous movement effects and other…Continue Reading